《清篆舉隅》稿本

近日見蓋有「鍾翰」藏書印《清篆舉隅》1函1冊在網上求售. 該書疑為清同治稿本.「鍾翰」應即清史大家王鍾翰是也.《清篆舉隅》, 台北故宮也有收藏.

延伸閱讀:
清文篆字: 俄藏鍾馗圖朱字官印印文

（中正大學滿洲研究班甘德星）

2020 滿文入門班

2020年滿文入門班,同學來自全校各院, 包括文、 法、理、  工 、 社會、教育學院, 並暨南大學馬來西亞僑生一人, 共46人.

獲得A級成績(90分以上)的同學來自不同學院 ,共8人:胡惇雅(心理)、簡瑄(歷史)、陳亦琪(經濟)、陳廷嘉(政治)、張潔宜(犯防)、詹竹琪(法學),朱嫦嬉(歷史)、杜維柔(歷史).在歷屆的滿文班中,心理系的同學, 表現極為突出, 每每名列前茅,值得一記.





(中正大學滿洲研究班甘德星)

大清中期的西方地理知識:荷蘭

   大清乾嘉時期對遙遠的荷蘭國所知不多.乾隆時的《皇清職貢圖》便以荷蘭為英國的屬國. 今日重讀嘉慶的 《大清一統天下全圖》(1818), 圖中說荷蘭靠近俄羅斯, 且語言相通.可見由於地理阻隔, 兩國交往不多,對離大清極遠之西方小國,印象模糊不清. 這和蘭學在日本江戶幕府時期 的興盛, 可謂大相逕庭.日本的現代化即因之而起.中國之落後於人, 或與其對西方之認知不足有關乎?

(國立中正大學滿洲研究班甘德星)

清代伯都訥滿漢文檔案選輯(全二冊)

出版社：中國社會科學出版社
作者：吳忠良;趙洪祥
裝訂／頁數：精裝／1295頁
出版日：2018/09/01

吉林省扶余市檔案館藏有清代伯都訥副都統衙門及伯都訥旗務承辦處滿、漢文檔案。檔案起止時間為清同治六年(1867)至宣統三年(1911)，總量約為5000多卷，30000餘件。其中，滿文或滿漢合璧檔案約100件，其餘為漢文檔案。本《檔案選編》所選檔案，主要為滿文或滿漢合璧檔，以及與其內容關聯密切的少數漢文檔，以伯都訥副都統衙門或伯都訥旗務承辦處，與吉林將軍衙門或吉林全省旗務處、以及及其轄下各機構間往來的公文書為主。其內容主要涉及到了軍事、官制、人事、財政、旗人生計、民人管理、教育等方面的問題。

郵票中的大清歷史: 中華民國 、 大清國 、台灣

1840年，鴉片戰爭後，中國被迫開放通商口岸， 近代外國郵政傳入中國。起初郵局僅設於通商口岸。1866年，各國駐北京公使郵件由總稅務司署傳遞。1876年，海關總稅務司赫德奏請光緒皇帝設立郵政。1878年，時任北洋通商大臣李鴻章決定於上海、北京、天津、煙台、牛莊五處試辦郵政業務，北京設送信官局，開始發行郵票，收寄民間信件，郵政業務歸總稅務司管理。1879年，五處郵政辦事處以「海關撥駟達(即英文的post)書信館」的名稱開始營業。1880年改稱「海關拔駟達局」。1888年，大清台灣郵政總局發行了「龍馬郵票」， 其時另有於小龍票上加印「台灣郵票」或「FORMOSA」字樣的郵票，但未發行。然不旋踵，台灣即割讓給日本。

1912年，民國成立後，正式郵票未及時印製，臨時將雕刻版無水印蟠龍郵票直行加蓋「中華民國」字樣，以供應用，郵戳為「杭州」。此乃中華民國直接承襲 大清國之證明。

值得注意的是, 郵票上沒有滿文,卻加了英文,可見在清末,滿文已不再通行,而英文卻是當時的國際語言.

(國立中正大學滿洲研究班甘德星)

《臺灣通史》福康安滿漢文生祠碑照 片考辨

       連雅堂（1878年－1936年）著《臺灣通史》, 名聞海內外.《通史》寫作始自1908年，1918年完稿，1920年由雅堂書局（臺灣通史社）出版．書中附福康安生祠碑照片一幀, 照片下的說明謂此碑建於台南府城。連橫的紀錄為當時人記當時事, 理應不會誤記.惟不得不注意者,《臺灣通史》舛誤之處甚多,連橫將照片誤記為府城非無可能.

連雅堂所用的碑石照片應非清時所拍. 乾隆時台南所建的福康安碑應有御碑亭.從照片中可見,御碑旁有護牆裝飾,但碑亭空間細小,實不足以另建護牆於其間, 廈門志中所載南普陀寺與林爽文事件有關的御碑亭圖片及西方記者所拍的照片可以佐證. 

日治時代,日人於大南門開闢新農園(1910-1911)，其時生祠仍在其中，惟祠已傾圮．原生祠御碑九通遂移至農園道路北側，排成一列南向, 放置在中間的石碑應即福康安生祠碑(見下圖)。從圖中所見, 碑旁無護牆.直到搬遷至大南門的甕城時仍如是.

農園

大南門甕城

因此,可以推斷《臺灣通史》所載旁有護牆裝飾的御碑照片應為嘉義的福康安碑.仔細比較台南福康安碑石實物和連橫書中所載的照片,可見兩者非同一物.連橫照片中螭首的兩個鼻孔距離較近,甲殼的花紋不一樣,其邊框也較寬,且往下垂,與台南贔屭的甲殼邊框較窄,且角度往上翹並不一樣.更明顯的不同是碑根的兩側.嘉義福康安碑的贔屭,因為是後來仿造,未依規格,碑槽過淺,碑石的榫頭不能完全納入贔屭的凹槽內,以致碑根兩側留有半月形的空間,這和《臺灣通史》中照片所顯示的完全一致.

連橫書中所載照片應為嘉義的福康安碑,照片下的說明是錯誤的.但碑址不是現在嘉義的中山公園.有關這一點,日後當再作說明.

現立於嘉義公園乾隆御碑細部與《臺灣通史》所載者一致(甘德星攝)

(台南、嘉義乾隆53年滿漢文御碑研究,含滿文全文轉寫、註釋、拍攝、論述,已全部完成,即將依序出版,敬請讀者垂注)

延伸閱讀:
1. 《命於臺灣建福康安等功臣生祠詩以誌事》滿文碑文足本全譯
2. 乾隆五十三年御製臺灣滿漢文碑的「碑石性」研究





(中正大學滿洲研究班甘德星)

In Memoriam – David Morgan (1945-2019)

November 9, 2019

Professor David Orrin Morgan passed away on October 23, 2019 due to endocarditis and multiple organ failure after aortic valve replacement and a coronary bypass graft two days prior. Although his death at age 74 was far too early, he left an enduring legacy through his family, scholarship, and the students he mentored.

Best known as the author of The Mongols (1986, 2007 2nd edition), David Morgan earned his Bachelor’s degree at Oxford University (1966) and his Ph. D. at the University of London (1977) with his dissertation titled “Aspects of Mongol Rule in Persia”, supervised by Dr. Ann K. S. Lambton. He also earned a Postgraduate Certification in Education from the University of London and served as a History Master at the Watford Grammar School from 1967-70 before entering a career in higher education. While studying at the University of London, he also became a Fellow at the British Institute of Persian Studies in Tehran from 1973-74. After completing his Ph. D., he began his professional career at the School of Oriental and African Studies (SOAS) at the University of London where he remained until 1999, with a brief absence which he spent at Dartmouth (1997-1998) as a visiting professor. His time at Dartmouth convinced him and his family that living amongst the colonials across the pond was acceptable. Thus, when the University of Wisconsin-Madison offered him joint position in the History and the Department of Religious Studies as part of a cluster-hire, he accepted it. He remained at Wisconsin until 2010 when he retired as Professor Emeritus.

While known for his publications such as The Mongols, which long served as the standard textbook as well as introduction for many of the reading public to the Mongols, as well as Medieval Persia, David was an exceptional teacher. Always a proud Welshman (his house in Madison, WI was identifiable by the Welsh flag) he did, however, have appeared to have acquired the particularly English habit of self-deprecation and exaggerated humility, despite his obvious and formidable contributions to Mongolian and Iranian history. He was a natural story-teller, who knew how to draw students into a subject. He often used experiences from his own education to enliven discussion of dry topics. For example, while discussing the impenetrably ornate and funky prose stylings of Wassaf, he recalled his days studying Persian at the feet of A.K.S. (Nancy) Lambton, when he and his fellow students sketched out plans for a commemorative necktie, patterned with the motif of a blood-dripping quill. When students stumbled through their translations, he was fond of putting them at ease by saying he was Nancy Lambton’s second-worst student: the worst, naturally, was a future British ambassador to Iran.

As a mentor, his ability to say that he no longer agreed with some of his earlier conclusions demonstrated the ability to be open minded and conduct self-reflection about one’s own writings. He never viewed history as an absolute and fixed interpretation and sometimes no longer agreed with something he wrote in the past. That being said, he did enjoy the bemusement of undergraduate students when he would tell them “The Historian Morgan is quite wrong on this point”. He also sought ways to make sure students appreciated the importance of history in order to understand the present. After the events of 9/11 and the subsequent U. S. invasion of Afghanistan, he became a frequent commentator for the events due to his own extensive knowledge of Afghanistan (which he visited shortly before the Soviet invasion), and knowledge of Islam. Due to result of his extensive preparation for these interviews, he developed a graduate course on Afghanistan which covered the country’s history from Alexander the Great to the Taliban. On the first day of class he told his students “Since I’m doing the reading, I thought it might be nice to have someone to discuss it with”. It was in seminars such as this that he really shined as a teacher. Whether on Afghanistan or a seminar on Marco Polo, he expertly guided students in discussions of historiography and evaluating sources and gave of his time unstintingly to assist the study of others. He particularly preferred smaller classes that could fit in his office or even one on one tutorials in his book-lined study at his home where he might guide students through readings of Rashid al-Din or Marco Polo. Discussions became conversations allowing students to have the confidence to explore their ideas.

While his students will always fondly remember him for his teaching, one must never forget his standing as a scholar and public figure. The Mongols was one of the first true studies of the Mongols that went beyond narrative that was also accessible to the public. David’s writing style with its subtle insertion of humor made his scholarship appealing not only to scholars but also students and the general public. This is apparent as it underwent 30 printings in English and also saw translations in six languages, including Mongolian and, of course, the obligatory unauthorized Persian translation. His Medieval Persia, 1040-1797, underwent two editions approximately 10 translations along with an unauthorized Persian translation. His expertise made him a sought after consultant for documentaries and other shows as well such as The Storm form the East. In addition, he edited seven volumes, including most recently volume 3 of the The New Cambridge History of Iran. While he also wrote numerous articles, which remain essential reading for the study of the Mongol Empire, he was truly the padishah of an intellectual empire as the editor of the Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society (1998-1999), which he helped transformed from an antiquarian journal into the robust scholarly publication that it is today, and also as the editor of the prestigious Cambridge Studies in Islamic Civilization series. Under his guidance, the series included volumes on all aspects of the Islamic world, including some that at first glance did not seem obvious, such as the Mongols. David was in the vanguard of those scholars who looked at the broader implications of Islamic civilization rather than more narrow geographical descriptions. Furthermore, while publishers invariably approached him for books, he never hesitated to recommend one of his former students for the task, thus providing them an avenue to publication. Thanks to his guidance, numerous scholars had their first publications, helping them establish their careers.

The eminent scholar, Peter Jackson (University of Keele), David’s best friend for decades, once said that on 30 April 1945, Adolf Hitler committed suicide shortly after David’s birth. The genial and compassionate Welshman’s sudden appearance being the last straw for the Nazi leader. Indeed, David was indefatigably kind and amiable to all whom he met from respected colleagues to callow undergraduates. His example is one that all historians and scholars should emulate, not only as academics but also as human beings. An admitted bibliophile, David’s homes in Wisconsin and outside of London as well as his university office contained an impressive collection of books—in both homes, the shelves were designed specifically to avoid sagging under the voluminous weight of books. Yet, books were not his love. Had the academic career panned out, David may have become a conductor as demonstrated by his love of classical music, which included an impressive display of recordings in various forms. A guest at his home would invariably find themselves enjoying a gin and tonic while the strains of a symphony or concerto played in the background, audible but not drowning out some historical discussion of history or the merits of this or that interpretation of Bach’s compositions.

He is survived by his wife Johanna, daughters Judith, Rosalind, and Eleanor as well as a grandson Owen from Judith and son-in-law, Patrick, and, of course, Charlie the cat, a devoted companion and critic.

The funeral service will be held 13 November 2019 at the Baptist Church on Akeman Street, Tring, United Kingdom.

 

Written by Timothy May (University of North Georgia) & 

Nicholas Walmsley (American University of Central Asia)

拙存集

承德市民質疑賓館飯店或進駐熱河文廟

與曲阜文廟、北京文廟並稱為中國三大文廟的承德熱河文廟經過4年多的復原，於今年6月8日正式對外開放。據瞭解，熱河文廟復原工程共耗資5000萬元，依據“原址、原樣、原材料、原工藝”的原則進行修繕。然而，就在人們為熱河文廟重現昔日風采感到慶倖時，一些承德市民向記者反映稱，“文廟裡要開賓館和飯店”。

11月24日，記者來到了位於承德市區西大街二牌樓附近的熱河文廟，修繕一新的文廟雄偉大氣。自欞星門而入，依次是泮池、大成門、碑亭、大成殿等主體建築以及東西配殿，文廟內展示了眾多古代聖賢的畫像和治學故事，讓人肅然起敬，如同置身于中華傳統文化的長廊。

今年86歲的尹忠老人，曾經在民國年間參加過熱河文廟祭孔儀式。尹忠老人告訴記者，熱河文廟始建於1776年(乾隆四十一年)，是一座集儒家思想、教育功能、圖書保管為一體的大型廟宇，是清代承德府地方官學興起和發展的重要標誌，在熱河文化教育發展史上發揮了重大作用。按照我國文廟左廟右學的格局，文廟的主體建築處於中間，西院為“學區”，東院為“廟區”。尹忠說，東院的尊經閣內曾藏《古今圖書集成》一萬卷，《十三經注疏》、《二十四史》等180種，13064冊，除此之外，尊經閣和東院的其他建築內還存放著祭孔儀式所需的禮器、神器等物品，民國年間，尊經閣曾是熱河省立圖書館。清代西院則是承德府學教授署的所在地，是當時承德府的最高教育管理機關，每逢科舉考試前，應試的學子就會到此接受輔導和培訓。“嚴格來講，東院是文廟的附屬設施，西院和文廟是兩個機構

西院內正在進行裝修
記者在熱河文廟看到，文廟的東西兩側分別建有兩個院落，東側院內尊經閣等附屬建築基本完工，大門緊閉，而西側院內許多工人正忙著施工，一片繁忙的景象。據幾位熱河文廟內的管護人員介紹，東西兩院正在進行裝修，工程預計到明年完工，裝修完成後，東院將變成飯店，西院將變成賓館。一些市民告訴記者，東西兩院的裝修工程已經開工一個多月了。“政府投入那麼多錢復原文廟，現在卻要改成賓館飯店，”一位離休老幹部得知此事後，專程找到記者，情緒激動地說，“承德市區可供大家學習的公共文化場所極少，文廟應該成為承德市民學習國學文化的一個場所，十七屆六中全會剛剛提出要建設社會主義文化強國的戰略目標，如果連文廟都被改成賓館飯店了，那麼何談文化強國。”

［河北新聞網承德電(燕趙都市報記者陳寶雲)http://www.hebnews.cn ］
2011-11-25


延伸閱讀：
承德大成殿/門滿蒙文匾額

A Russian-Yakut-Ewenki Trilingual Dictionary

Attribution by Sli︠u︡nin, N. V. (Nikolaĭ Vasilʹevich) ; annotated edition and introduction by José Andrés Alonso de la Fuente.
Series: The languages of Asia series ; volume 18

Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2019

Manchu Women Poets

Two Centuries of Manchu Women Poets
An Anthology
Translated by Wilt L. Idema
Seattle – London: University of Washington Press, 2017.
US$ 50
ISBN: 9780295745749

Description
This anthology presents substantial selections from the work of twenty Manchu women poets of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The poems, inspired by their daily life and reflections, provide fascinating insights into the experiences and emotions of these women, most of whom belonged to the elite families of Manchu society. Each selection is accompanied by biographical material that illuminates the life stories of the poets. The volume's introduction describes the printing history of the collections from which these poems are drawn, the authors' practice of poetry writing, ethnic and gender issues, and comparisons with the poetry of women in South China and of male authors of the Qing dynasty (1644–1911).

Contents
Introduction
1. The Women of the Nalan Family: Miss Nalan, Sibo, and Madam Zhaojia
2. A Prisoner’s Mother and Wife: The Mistress of the Study for Nurturing Simplicity and the Mistress of the Orchid Pavilion
3. Chastity and Suicide: Xiguang
4. Mourning Royalty: Lady Zhoujia, Lady Tongjia, and Lady Fucha
5. Sacrifice and Friendship: Bingyue
6. A Tomboy in a Silly Dress: Mengyue
7. Unbridled Energy: Yingchuan
8. Releasing Butterflies: Wanyan Jinchi
9. Seeking Refuge in Truth: Guizhen Daoren
10. Traveling throughout the Empire: Baibao Youlan
11. A Proud Descendant of Chinggis Khan: Naxun Lanbao
12. From Hengyang to Beijing: Lingwen Zhuyou
13. The Modest Pursuit of a Minor Way: Duomin Huiru
14. A Poet from the Homeland: Lady Husihali

Abbreviations
Notes
Glossary of Chinese Characters
Bibliography
Index

---------------------------------------------

Wilt L. Idema is professor emeritus of Chinese literature at Harvard University. He obtained his BA and MA from Leiden University (The Netherlands). Following continued study and research in Japan and Hong Kong, he returned to Leiden to teach. He obtained his doctorate in 1974, and was promoted to Professor of Chinese Language and Literature in 1976. From 2000 to 2013 he taught at Harvard as Professor of Chinese literature. His research was originally focused on traditional vernacular fiction, but later shifted to early traditional drama and popular ballads and tales. He has also published on women’s literature of the premodern period. His publications of the last ten years include The Red Brush: Writing Women of Imperial China (with Beata Grant, 2004); Personal Salvation and Filial Piety: Two Precious Scroll Narratives of Guanyin and Her Acolytes (2007); Meng Jiangnü Brings Down the Great Wall: Ten Versions of a Chinese Legend (2008); Heroines of Jiangyong: Chinese Narrative Ballads in Women’s Script (2009); The White Snake and her Son (2009); Judge Bao and the Rule of Law: Eight Ballad-Stories from the Period 1250-1450 (2010); Monks, Bandits, Lovers and Immortals: Eleven Early Chinese Plays (with Stephen H. West, 2010); The Butterfly Lovers: The Legend of Liang Shanbo and Zhu Yingtai (2010); Escape from Blood Pond Hell: The Tales of Mulian and Woman Huang (with Beata Grant, 2011); Battles, Betrayals, and Brotherhood: Early Chinese Plays on the Three Kingdoms (with Stephen H. West, 2012); The Generals of the Yang Family: Four Early Plays (with Stephen H. West, 2013); and The Resurrected Skeleton: From Zhuangzi to Lu Xun (2014).