2017年12月30日 星期六

Igor de Rachewiltz: Education, Professional Experience & Publications








Education

1935-1948 Elementary, Middle & High School in various schools and colleges in Rome (M.              Colonna, S. Maria, S. Gabriele)
1947 HSC (Maturità Classica), Collegio S. Gabriele
1948-1951 Read Law, Asian History, Chinese and Mongolian at Rome University
1952-1955 Read Chinese, Japanese and other subjects at the Istituto Universitario Orientale, Naples,        while working in the FAO administration in Rome (Archives Section)
1955  Candidate for a Ph.D. scholarship at the Australian National University (ANU), Canberra
1956-1960  Completed the Ph.D. degree course in Asian History in the Department of Far Eastern            History, ANU
1961 Obtained the Ph.D. degree with a thesis entitled Sino-Mongol Culture Contacts in the Thirteenth Century: A Study of Yeh-lü Ch’u-ts’ai (699 pp.)

Languages 

Fluent Italian, English and French. Reading knowledge of Latin, Classical Greek, Spanish, German, Russian, Chinese, Japanese and Mongolian

 Appointments

Sept. 1960: Lecturer in Asian Civilisations, Canberra College July 1963: Senior Lecturer in Asian Civilisations, School of General Studies, ANU
 Aug. 1965: Fellow, Department of Far Eastern History, ANU
 July 1967: Senior Fellow, Division of Pacific and Asian History, ANU
 Jan. 1995: Visiting Fellow, Division of Pacific and Asian History, ANU
 Jan. 2007: Emeritus Fellow, Division of Pacific and Asian History, ANU Jan. 2011: Adjunct Professor, College of Asia and the Pacific, ANU Academic


Awards and Distinctions 

1972: Fellow of the Australian Academy of the Humanities
1992: Honourable Member (and Medal) of the International Association for Mongol Studies, Ulan Bator
1997: Diploma of Honour, International Centre for Chinggis Khan Studies, Ulan Bator
1998: Knight of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
 2001: Hon. Doctor in Letters and Philosophy, Faculty of Letters and Philosophy, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’
 2003: Centenary Medal for Service to Australian Society and the Humanities in Asian Studies
2004: Gold Medal of the Permanent International Altaistic Conference (PIAC) 2 Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World
 2007: Polar Star Medal of the Mongolian Republic
 2007: Denis Sinor Medal of the Royal Asiatic Society, London Research Scholarships,


Visiting Professorships

 1962 (Oct.)-1963 (March): Research Scholar at the Tōyō Bunka Kenkyūjo, Tokyo, and Jimbun Kagaku Kenkyūjo, Kyoto
1970 (Nov.-Dec.): Visiting Professor and Guest Speaker, Oriental Institute, Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechoslovakia
 1971 (Jan.): Visiting Professor, East Asian Institute, Copenhagen University, Denmark
1979 (Sept.-Dec.): Visiting Professor in the Seminar für Sprach- und Kulturwissenschaft Zentralasiens, Bonn University, on a Deutscher Akademischer Austauschdienst Fellowship
 1986 (April-June): Visiting Professor at ILCAA, Tōkyō Gaikokugo Daigaku, on a Japan Society for the Promotion of Science Fellowship
1988 (Sept.): Visiting Scholar at the Institute of Oriental Studies, Academy of Sciences, Moscow, on an Exchange Fellowship
1996 (March-May): Visiting Professor, Dipartimento di Studi Orientali, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’
1999 (April-May): Visiting Professor, Dipartimento di Studi Orientali, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’
2001 (April-May): Visiting Professor, Dipartimento di Studi Orientali, University of Rome ‘La Sapienza’ Guest Speaker and Lecturer at various universities and institutes (Melbourne, Sydney, Canberra, Seattle, St. Petersburg, Stockholm, Rome) on numerous occasions since 1965


Other Activities

1970: Member of the Editorial Board of East Asian History (formerly Papers on Far Eastern History) 1977: Member of the Faculty of Asian Studies Publication Committee, ANU
 1979: Member of the Sonderforschungsbereich 12 (‘Orientalistik unter besonderer Berücksichtigung Zentralasiens’), Bonn University
1987: Member of the Executive Committee of the International Association for Mongol Studies, Ulan Bator
1992: Vice-President of the International Association for Mongol Studies
2011: Member of the Mongolian Studies Centre, ANU 3 Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World

Publications

Books and Monographs

  1. Papal Envoys to the Great Khans. Faber & Faber, London, 1971. 230pp. Several unauthorized American reprints. (Translated into Farsi.)
  2. Index to the Secret History of the Mongols. Part I: Mongolian Text in Transcription; Part II: Word Index. Indiana University Publications, Uralic & Altaic Series, Vol. 121. Bloomington, 1972. 347pp. 
  3. Index to Biographical Material in Chin and Yüan Literary Works. First Series. Compiled by I. de Rachewiltz and M. Nakano. ANU Press, Canberra, 1970. 69pp. Idem. Second Series. Compiled by I. de Rachewiltz and May Wang. ANU Press, Canberra, 1972. 96pp. Idem. Third Series. Compiled by I. de Rachewiltz and May Wang. ANU Press, Canberra, 1979. 341pp. Repertory of Proper Names in Yüan Literary Sources, 3 vols. Compiled by I. de Rachewiltz and May Wang. Taipei, 1988. 2716pp. Idem, Vol. IV: Supplement. Compiled by I. de Rachewiltz and M. Wang, with the collaboration of C.C. Hsiao and with the assistance of S. Rivers, Taipei, 1996. 819pp. 
  4. Saγang Secen, Erdeni-yin Tobci (‘Precious Summary’). A Mongolian Chronicle of 1662. The Urga text transcribed and edited by M. Gò, I. de Rachewiltz, J.R. Krueger and B. Ulaan. Faculty of Asian Studies Monographs, New Series, No. 15, Canberra, 1990. xxiii, 270pp.
  5. Saγang Secen, Erdeni-yin Tobci (‘Precious Summary’). A Mongolian Chronicle of 1662. II: Word-Index to the Urga text prepared by I. de Rachewiltz and J. R. Krueger. Faculty of Asian Studies Monographs, New Series, No. 18, Canberra, 1991. x, 259pp. 
  6. I. de Rachewiltz, H.L. Chan, C.C. Hsiao and P.W. Geier (eds) with the assistance of M. Wang, In the Service of the Khan. Eminent Personalities of the Early Mongol-Yüan Period (1200-1300). Asiatische Forschungen, Vol. 121, Wiesbaden, 1993. xlvi, 808pp. (I. de Rachewiltz is both an editor of, and contributor to, this publication.)
  7.  A. Mostaert et I. de Rachewiltz, Le matériel mongol du Houa i i iu de Houng-ou (1389), II: Commentaires. Mélanges Chinois et Bouddhiques XXVII, Bruxelles, 1995. xxii, 146pp. The Mongolian Tan†ur Version of the Bodhicaryāvatāra. Edited and transcribed, with a Word-Index and a Photo-Reproduction of the Original Text (1748). Asiatische Forschungen, Vol. 129, Wiesbaden, 1996. xxii, 336pp. 
  8. The Secret History of the Mongols. A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Translated with a historical and philological commentary by Igor de 4 Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World Rachewiltz, 2 vols., Brill’s Inner Asian Library 7/1 and 7/2, Leiden-Boston, 2004. cxxvii, 1347pp; 2nd (paperback) edition with additions and corrections, 2006. cxxvii, 1349pp. See below A.15. 
  9. I. de Rachewiltz and V. Rybatzki with the collaboration of Hung Chin-fu, Introduction to Altaic Philology: Turkic, Mongolian, Manchu. Handbook of Oriental Studies VIII.20, Brill, Leiden-Boston, 2010. xx, 446pp. 
  10. The Secret History of the Mongols. A Mongolian Epic Chronicle of the Thirteenth Century. Translated with a historical and philological commentary by Igor de Rachewiltz, vol. 3 (Supplement), Brill’s Inner Asian Library 7/3, Leiden,-Boston, 2013, xvi,. 226pp.

   Pamphlets

1.Prester John and Europe’s Discovery of East Asia. The 32nd G.E. Morrison Lecture in Ethnology. ANU Press, Canberra, 1972. 25pp. See below C.59.


Articles

1.    Yeh-lü Ch’u-ts’ai (1189-1243): Buddhist Idealist and Confucian Statesman’, in A.R. Wright and D. Twitchett (eds), Confucian Personalities, Stanford, 1962, pp.189-216 and 359-67. ‘The Hsi-yu lu by Yeh-lü Ch’u-ts’ai’, Monumenta Serica 21 (1962), 1-128.
2.    ‘Some Remarks on the Dating of the Secret History of the Mongols’, Monumenta Serica 24 (1965), 185-206.
3.    ‘Personnel and Personalities in North China in the Early Mongol Period’, Journal of the Economic and Social History of the Orient 9 (1966), 88-144.
4.    ‘Some Remarks on the Language Problem in Yüan China’, The Journal of the Oriental Society of Australia 5:1&2 (December 1967), 65-80. ‘Chingis Khan and the A.N.U. Computer’, Hemisphere 12:4 (April 1968), 9-15. ‘The Mongolian Poem of Mu¬ammad al-Samarqandī’, Central Asiatic Journal 12 (1968), 280-85.
5.    ‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Annotated Translation of Chapter I’, Bulletin of the Mongolia Society 9:1 (1970), 55-69.
6.    ‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapters I and II’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 4 (September 1971), 155-64. (Supersedes No.8.)
7.     ‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter III’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 5 (March 1972), 149-75. ‘The Ideological Foundations of Chingis Khan’s Empire’, Papers on Far Eastern History 7 (March 1973), 21-36. Paper read at the Second International Congress of Mongolists, Ulan Bator, September 1970, and since reprinted also in the Transactions of the Congress, Vol. II, Ulan Bator, 1973, pp.56-64. 5
8.     Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World ‘Some Remarks on the Khitan Clan Name Yeh-lü~I-la’, Papers on Far Eastern History 9 (March 1974), 187-204.
9.    ‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter IV’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 10 (September 1974), 55-82.
10.‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter V’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 13 (March 1976), 41-75. ‘Some Remarks on the Stele of Yisüngge’ in W. Heissig et al. (eds), Tractata Altaica (D. Sinor Festschrift), Wiesbaden, 1976, pp.487-508.
11.Biographies of Fang Hui and Liu Yü in H. Franke (ed.), Sung Biographies, Wiesbaden, 1976, Vol. I, pp.349-55; Vol. II, pp.656-60.
12.‘Muqali, Bòl, Tas and An-t’ung’, Papers on Far Eastern History 15 (March 1977), 45-62. ‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter VI’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 16 (September 1977), 27-65.
13.‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter VII’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 18 (September 1978), 43-80.
14.‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter VIII’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 21 (March 1980), 17-57.
15.‘Some Remarks on Töregene’s Edict of 1240’. Papers on Far Eastern History 23 (March 1981), 38-63.
16. ‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter IX’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 23 (March 1981), 111-46.
17.‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter X’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 26 (September 1982), 39-84.
18. ‘On a Recently Discovered MS. of ƒinggis Qaγan’s Precepts to His Younger Brothers and Sons’, in L.A. Hercus et al. (eds), Indological and Buddhist Studies. Volume in Honour of Professor J.W. de Jong on His Sixtieth Birthday, Canberra, 1982, pp.427-39.
19.‘More About the Story of ƒinggis-qan and the Peace-Loving Rhinoceros’, in A.R. Davis and A.D. Stefanowska (eds), Austrina.
20.Essays in Commemoration of the 25th Anniversary of the Founding of the Oriental Society of Australia, Sydney 1982, pp.13-29.
21.‘The Preclassical Mongolian Version of the Hsiao-ching’, Zentralasiatische Studien 16 (1982), 7-109.
22.‘Turks in China Under the Mongols: A Preliminary Investigation of Turco-Mongol Relations in the 13th and 14th Centuries’, in M. Rossabi (ed.), China Among Equals. The Middle Kingdom and its Neighbors, 10th-14th Centuries, Berkeley, Los Angeles, London, University of California Press, 1983, pp.281-310.
23.‘Two Recently Published Pai-tzu Discovered in China’, Acta Orientalia Hung. 36 (1983), 413-176
24. Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World ‘Qan, Qa’an and the Seal of Güyüg’, in K. Sagaster and M. Weiers (eds), Documenta Barbarorum. Festschrift für Walther Heissig zum 70. Geburtstag, Wiesbaden, 1983, pp.272-81.
25.‘On a Recent Translation of the Meng-Ta pei-lu and Hei-Ta shih-lüeh: A Review-Article’, Monumenta Serica 35 (1981-83), 571-82. ‘Ch’iu Ch’u-chi (1148-1227)’ with T. Russell, Papers on Far Eastern History 29 (March 1984), 1-26.
26.‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter XI’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 30 (September 1984), 81-160.
27.‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Chapter XII’. Translation and Commentary. Papers on Far Eastern History 31 (March 1985), 21-93.
28.‘On the Expression ƒul Ul†a’ur (? = ƒöl Ol†a’ur) in Paragraph 254 of The Secret History of the Mongols, in J. Fletcher et al. (eds), Niœu„a Bi„ig. Pi Wên Shu. An Anniversary Volume in Honor of Francis Woodman Cleaves, Journal of Turkish Studies 9 (1985), pp.213-17.
29.‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Additions and Corrections’, Papers on Far Eastern History 33 (March 1986), 129-38.
30.‘More About the Preclassical Version of the Hsiao-ching’, Zentralasiatische Studien 19 (1986), 27-37. ‘The Chinese Inscription of 1279 on the Establishment of the Hsüan-wei Commandery’, Rocznik Orientalistyczny 45,2 (1987), 5-13.
31. ‘Ou, Mei, Ao ti Meng-ku hsüeh yen-chiu mu-ch’ien  ch’ing-k’uang chi yen-chiu ch’ü-hsiang’ (‘Mongolian Studies in Europe, America and Australasia: Achievements and Perspectives’), Minzu Yicong 1988:2, 59-62.
32.‘The Third Chapter of Chos-kyi ‘od-zer’s Translation of the Bodhicaryāvatāra: A Tentative Reconstruction’, in G. Gnoli and L. Lanciotti (eds), Orientalia Iosephi Tucci Memoriae Dicata, Serie Orientale Roma LVI, 3, Roma, 1988, pp.1173-1200.
33.‘The Title ƒinggis Qan/Qaγan Re-examined’, in W. Heissig and K. Sagaster (eds), Gedanke und Wirkung. Festschrift zum 90. Geburtstag von Nikolaus Poppe, Wiesbaden, 1989, pp.281-98. (Translated into Chinese.)
34.‘Dante’s Aleppe: A Tartar Word in Tartarus?’, in Proceedings  of the XXVIII Permanent International Altaistic Conference Venice 8-14 July 1985, Wiesbaden, 1989, pp.57-71.
35.‘Some Remarks on the Manuscript Copies, Printed Editions and Transcriptions of the Altan Tob„i of Blo-bza¯ bstan-’jin’, Studia Historica Mongolica 3 (1989), 198-205. (Translated into Chinese.) ‘Brief Comments on Professor Yü Ta-chün’s Article “On the Dating of the Secret History of the Mongols”,’ Monumenta Serica 37 (1986-87), 305-9 (actual date of publication 1989). 7
36.Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World ‘The expression Qa†aru Inerü in Paragraph 70 of The Secret History of the Mongols’, in P. Daffinà (ed.), Indo-Sino-Tibetica. Studi in onore di Luciano Petech, Studi Orientali, Vol. IX, Rome, 1990, pp.283-90.
37.ƒeveng, ‘The Darqad and the Uriyangqai of Lake Köbsögöl’, translated by I. de Rachewiltz and J. R. Krueger, commentary by I. de Rachewiltz, East Asian History 1 (June 1991), 55-80.
38.G. di Pian di Carpine, Storia dei Mongoli, a cura di  P. Daffinà, C. Leonardi, M.C. Lungarotti, E. Menestò, L. Petech. Spoleto, 1989.
39.Review article in Rivista degli Studi Orientali 64 (1990), 420-29. ‘Some Reflections on Paragraph One of The Secret History of the Mongols’, Fifth International Congress of Mongolists, Collected papers published by the International Association for Mongol Studies, II, Ulan Bator, 1992, pp.337-43.
40.‘Three Mongolian Chronicles’, Mongolica, 1 [22] (1990), 71-79. ‘Some Reflections on ƒinggis Qan’s ‡asaγ’, East Asian History 6 (December 1993), 91-104.
41.‘Some Remarks on Written Mongolian’, in Chang Chün-i (ed.), International Symposium on Mongolian Culture, Taipei, 1993, pp.123-36. See below C.67.
42.‘The Secret History of the Mongols: Some Fundamental Problems’, Bulletin of the International Association for Mongol Studies 1993 (2)-1994 (1), 3-10.
43.‘The Mongols Rethink Their Early History’, in The East and the Meaning of History, Dip. di Studi Orientali, Università di Roma ‘La Sapienza’, Rome, 1994, pp.357-80. (Translated into Mongolian.) ‘Genghis Khan – Profile of a Man’, in B. Huldorj (ed.), Mongolia and the Mongols. Proceedings of the First Mongolian Seminar 24-25 November 1995, Canberra, 1996, pp.2-6.
44.ƒeveng, ‘The Dörbed’, translated by I. de Rachewiltz and J.R. Krueger, commentary by I. de Rachewiltz, East Asian History 10 (Dec. 1995), 53-78. ‘Some Puzzling Words in The Secret History of the Mongols’, Mongolica 6 [27] (1995), 278-86. 56.
45. ‘The Name of the Mongols in Asia and Europe’, Etudes mongoles et sibériennes 27 (1996), 199-210. ‘Hybrid Chinese of the Mongol Period (13th-14th c.)’, in S.A. Wurm, P. Mühlhäuser, D.T. Tryon (eds), Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in the Pacific, Asia and the Americas. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin-New York, 1996, pp. 905-6.
46.S.A. Wurm with I. de Rachewiltz, ‘Contact Languages and Language Influences in Mongolia’, in S.A. Wurm, P. Mühlhäuser, D.T. Tryon (eds), Atlas of Languages of Intercultural Communication in  the Pacific, Asia and the Americas. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin-New York, 1996, pp. 909-12. 8
47.Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World ‘Prester John and Europe’s Discovery of East Asia’, East Asian History 11 (June 1996), 59-74. A revised version of the 32nd G.E. Morrison Lecture in Ethnology. See above B.1.
48. ƒeveng, ‘The Qotong, the Bayad and the Ögeled’, translated by I. de Rachewiltz and J.R. Krueger, commentary by I. de Rachewiltz, East Asian History 12 (December 1996), 105-20.
49.‘Marco Polo Went to China’, Zentralasiatische Studien 27 (1997), 34-92.
50. ‘Searching for ƒinggis Qan: Notes and Comments on Historic Sites in Xentiĭ Aĭmag, Northern Mongolia’, Rivista degli Studi Orientali 71 (1997), 239-56 (with 4 ill.)
51.ƒeveng, ‘The Mingγad, the ‡aqa„in, the Torγud, the Qošud and the ƒaqar’, translated by I. de Rachewiltz and J.R. Krueger, commentary by I. de Rachewiltz, East Asian History 13/14 (June-Dec. 1997), 119-32.
52.‘A Note on the Word Börte in the Secret History of the Mongols’, East Asian History 13/14 (June-Dec. 1997), 153-55. \\
53.‘On a Puzzling Word in the Sino-Mongolian Inscription of 1335 in Memory of Chang Ying-jui’, Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, N.F. 15 (1997/98), 255-59.
54. ‘Father Antoine Mostaert’s Contribution to the Study of the Secret History of the Mongols and the Hua-i i-yü’, in K. Sagaster (ed.), Antoine Mostaert (1881-1971), C.I.C.M. Missionary and Scholar, Vol. I: Papers, Leuven, 1999, pp. 93-109.
55.‘Some Reflections on So-Called Written Mongolian’, in H. Eimer, M. Hahn, M. Schetelich, P. Wyzlic (eds), Studia Tibetica et Mongolica (Festschrift Manfred Taube), Swisttal-Odendorf, 1999, pp. 235-46.
56.A revised version of C.50. ‘Was Töregene Qatun Ögödei’s “Sixth Empress”?’, East Asian History 17/18 (June-Dec. 1999), 71-6.
57.ƒeveng, ‘The Dariγangγa, the State of the Uriyangqai of the Altai, the Qasaγ and the Qamniγan’, translated by I. de Rachewiltz and J.R. Krueger, commentary by I. de Rachewiltz, East Asian History 19 (June 2000), 53-86.
58. ‘The Identification of Geographical Names in The Secret History of the Mongols §§ 1-202’, in Sino-Asiatica, pp. 73-85. See below D.9. ‘A Note on Hu Ssu-hui’s Name’,  in Kong Yun-cheung and Hu Shiu-ying (eds & ann.), Yin-shan cheng-yao hsin-pien, The Chinese University Press, Sha Tin, N.T., Hong Kong, 2004, pp. xix-xxi.
59.‘The Missing First Page of the Preclassical Mongolian Version of the Hsiao-ching: A Tentative Reconstruction’, East Asian History 27 (June 2004), 51-6.
60.‘On the Sheng-wu ch’in-cheng lu 聖武親征錄’, East Asian History 28 (December 2004), 35-44.
61. ‘A Faulty Reading in the Safe Conduct of Abaγa’, Journal of Asian History 39 (2005), 177-80
62.‘Some Remarks on the Chih-yüan i-yü 元譯語 alias Meng-ku i-yü 蒙古譯語, the First Known Sino-Mongol Glossary’, Acta Orientalia Hung. 59 (2006), 11-28. 9
63.Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World ‘Notes on F.W. Cleaves: An Early Mongolian Version of the Hsiao Ching.
64.Chapters One to Eighteen’, Acta Orientalia Hung. 60 (2007), 247-71. ‘The Genesis of the Name “Yeke Mongγol Ulus”’, East Asian History 31 (2006), 53-6.
65.‘Confucius in Mongolian. Some Remarks on the Mongol Exegesis of the Analects’, East Asian History 31 (2006), 57-64. ‘A Note on Yelü Zhu 耶律鋳 and His Family’, East Asian History 31 (2006), 65-74.
66.‘Heaven, Earth and the Mongols in the Time of Činggis Qan and His Immediate Successors (ca. 1160-1260) – A Preliminary Investigation’, in N. Golvers and S. Lievens (eds), A Lifelong Dedication to the China Mission. Essays Presented in Honor of Father Jeroom Heyndrickx, CICM, on the Occasion of His 75th Birthday and the 25th Anniversary of the F. Verbiest Institute K.U. Leuven, Leuven Chinese Studies 17, Leuven, 2007, pp. 107-39.
67.‘The Dating of the Secret History of the Mongols – A Re-interpretation’, Ural-Altaische Jahrbücher, N.F. 22 (2008), 150-84.
68.Books and Articles edited by I. de Rachewiltz A. Mostaert, Le matériel mongol du Houa i i iu de Houng-ou (1389), I. Mélanges Chinois et Bouddhiques XVIII, Bruxelles, 1977. 143pp. (Introduction by I. de Rachewiltz, 23pp.)
69.H.H. Chan, ‘Wang O (1190-1273)’, Papers on Far Eastern History 12 (September 1975), 43-70.
70.H.L. Chan, ‘Yang Huan (1186-1255)’, Papers on Far Eastern History 14 (September 1976), 37-59. ‘Der Blockdruck des Xiàojīng aus dem Palastmuseum in chinesischer und mongolischer Sprache’, Zentralasiatische Studien 12 (1978), 159-235.
71.H.L. Chan, ‘Yao Shu (1201-1278)’, Papers on Far Eastern History 22 (September 1980), 17-50.
72.H.L. Chan, ‘Yang Wei-chung (1206-1260)’ Papers  on Far Eastern History 29 (March 1984), 27-44.
73.C.C. Hsiao, ‘Yen Shih (1182-1240)’, Papers on Far Eastern History 33 (March 1986), 113-28.
74.A. Mostaert, ‘Quelques problèmes phonétiques dans la transcription en caractères chinois du texte mongol du Iuen tch’ao pi cheu’, edited by I. de Rachewiltz and P.W. Geier, in K. Sagaster (ed.), Antoine Mostaert (1881-1971), C.I.C.M. Missionary and Scholar, Vol. I: Papers, Leuven, 1999, pp. 225-71.
75.Sino-Asiatica. Papers Dedicated to Professor Liu Ts’un-yan on the Occasion of His Eighty-fifth Birthday, edited by Wang Gungwu, Rafe de Crespigny and Igor de Rachewiltz, Canberra, 2002. 241pp.
76. ‘Index of Mongol and Chinese Proper and Geographical Names in the Sheng-wu ch’in-cheng lu 聖武親征錄’, by P. Pelliot and L. Hambis, edited by I. de Rachewiltz, 10
77. Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World East Asian History 28 (December 2004), 45-52.
78.F.W. Cleaves, ‘An Early Mongolian Version of the Hsiao Ching. 1. Facsimile of the Bilingual Text’, with an introduction by I. de Rachewiltz, Acta Orientalia Hung. 59 (2006), 241-82.
79.F.W. Cleaves, ‘An Early Mongolian Version of the Hsiao Ching. 2. Chapters Ten to Thirteen’, revised and edited by I. de Rachewiltz, Acta Orientalia Hung. 59 (2006), 393-406.
80.F.W. Cleaves, ‘An Early Mongolian Version of the Hsiao Ching. 3. Chapters Fourteen to Seventeen’, revised and edited by I. de Rachewiltz, Acta Orientalia Hung. 60 (2007), 145-60.
Book Reviews
81.P. Filippani-Ronconi, Storia del pensiero cinese, Torino, 1964, in Monumenta Serica 22 (1963), 537-39.
82.P. Ratchnevsky, Historisch-terminologisches Wörterbuch der Yüan-Zeit, Medizinwesen, Berlin, 1967, in Asia Major 14 (1968), 122-23.
83.W. Chapman, Kublai Khan: Lord of Xanadu, New York and Indianapolis, 1966, in Pacific Affairs 42.2 (Summer 1969), 229-30.
84.R. Grousset, Conqueror of the World, tr. D. Sinor and M. MacKellar, Edinburgh and London, 1967, in Pacific Affairs 43:2 (Summer 1970), 284-85.
85.D. Sinor, Inner Asia: A Syllabus, Bloomington, 1969, in Journal of the American Oriental Society 92 (1972), 162-63.
86. G. Kara, Chants d’un barde mongol, Budapest, 1970, in Asia Major 18 (1973), 227-28.
87.L. Ligeti (ed.), Histoire secrète des Mongols, Budapest, 1971; Monuments préclassiques I. Indices verborum linguae Mongolicae monumentis traditorum I, Budapest, 1970, in Asia Major 18 (1973), 229-32.
88.W. Heissig assisted by Ch. Bawden, Catalogue of Mongol books, Manuscripts and Xylographs, The Royal Library, Copenhagen, 1971, in Asia Major 19 (1975), 264-65.
89. L. Ligeti, Monuments en écriture ‘phags-pa. Pièces de chancellerie en transcription chinoise. Indices verborum linguae Mongolicae monumentis traditorum III, Budapest, 1973; Idem, Trésor des sentences. Monum. linguae Mong. collecta IV, Budapest, 1973; Idem, Trésor des sentences. Indices verb. linguae Mong. mon. trad. IV, Budapest, 1973, in Monumenta Serica 33 (1977-78), 493-97.
90.W. Heissig, Die mongolischen Handschriften-Reste aus Olon süme, Innere Mongolei (16.-17. Jhdt.), Wiesbaden, 1976, in Ural-altaische Jahrbücher, N.F. 1 (1981), 297-99. 11
91.Igor de Rachewiltz, Visiting Fellow, Australian Centre on China in the World Jacob d’Ancona, The City of Light, tr. and ed. by D. Selbourne, London, 1997; reviewed by I. de Rachewiltz and D.D. Leslie in Journal of Asian History 32 (1998), 180-85.


Other Minor Contributions

93.Items 204 and 221 in the Revue Bibliographique de Sinologie, No.2 (1956), 86 and 91.
94.Obituary for Otto B. van der Sprenkel in the Proceedings 1979 of The Australian Academy of the Humanities, Sydney University Press, 1979, pp.49-51.
95.Items on pp. 26, 38, 46 and 92 of  V. Gómez i Oliver, XLIX Sonets d’amor, I: Contracant amoros, Barcelona, 1997. Several footnotes in Hung Chin-fu, Documents on the Censorial System of Yüan China (in Chinese), Taipei, 2003.
96.The ‘Introduction’ to ‘Fourth Supplement to the Ku-shu i-i chü-li’ by P’ei Hsüeh-hai, tr. by Archilles Fang, repr. in Monumenta Serica 50 (2002), 549-50.

Unpublished Works
97.Sino-Mongol Culture Contacts in the Thirteenth Century: A Study of Yeh-lü Ch’u-ts’ai. Ph.D. thesis, The Australian National University, Canberra, 1960. 699pp.
98.Paul the Deacon, History of the Langobards, newly translated from Latin and annotated by K.H.J. Gardiner and I. de Rachewiltz, Canberra, 1977. viii, 340pp.



2017年11月23日 星期四

蒙古一詞再議


The Term “Mongγol” Revisited (蒙古一詞再議) 一文已於近日出版。該文擬就歷史文獻和蒙漢對音兩方面切入,以說明「蒙古」一詞乃源自蒙古的發源地「望建」河。全文刊登於Central Asiatic Journal 60 (2017)1/2, pp.183-206,下面為文章的部分章節。

__________________________________

 

The Term “Mongγol” Revisited 

Kam Tak-sing甘德星

 

Landscape at the confluence of the Ergüne River and the Shilka River . Photo by Wei-chi ren, 2005




V.  MONG ΓOOL: GEOGRAPHICAL FEATURES
          If my hypothesis is correct, there is good reason to assume that the term Mongγol, which is cognate with the hydronym Wang-chien, is derived from the indigenous Mong Γool,[1] the river proposed by Banzarov.[2]  According to Kowalewski, the word mong means ‘riche, opulent; fougueux, impétueux’,[3] the Mong Γool, as such, must have been a fast-flowing river.  This interpretation is corroborated by the fact that the Ergüne River, especially the section from Chi-la-lin 吉拉林 (or Shih-wei) to Lian-yin 連崟,[4] where the early Mongols are known to have settled,[5]flows rapidly.[6]  The name Kiyan (Kiān)[7]乞顏 (kǐət ŋan),[8] one of the two legendary Mongol groups that migrated to the Ergüne Qun, the Mongols’ homeland, echoes this thesis.  According to Rašīd-al Dīn, Kiyan means in Mongolian ‘a rushing torrent from the mountains’.[9]  Moreover, the geographical features of the Ergüne Qun, which, as pointed out by Rašīd-al Dīn, means ‘sloping cliff’, are faithfully reflected by the steep slopes that characterize this particular section of the Ergüne River figs. 2 and 3, as the present-day toponym Lian-yin, which reflects the hilly terrain of the region, also suggests.
The use of the word γool in the ethnonym may seem to contradict what I have noted earlier, i.e., it first appears only in sources published after the 13th century, such as the Mongγol-un ni'uča tobča'an and the various Sino-Mongolian glossaries.  Nonetheless, the naming by the Tibetans of a river south of the Kokonor as Jima Gol~Khol (Ch. Ta-fei Ch'uan大非川[10] < Mo. Dabu(sun) γool[11]) in the seventh century demonstrates beyond a doubt that the term γool was in use during T'ang times.  This Mongol vocable must have been brought by the T'u-yü-hun, a Hsien-pi group,[12] when they migrated from Mongolia to the Kokonor area in the fourth century.  The fact that the Dagur language, which preserves the Middle Mongolian forms, has the same word γol, adds credence to our argument.[13]

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
[1]Another possible derivation is Möngke Γool, i.e., an ever-flowing river that provided the early Mongols with a reliable source of water. The change from Möngke Γool to Mong Γool can be deduced as follows. Owing to haplology, the syllable -ke in möngke was dropped when merged with the following γool, which was contracted simultaneously to become -γol. The ö in the first syllable of the merged word, because of vowel harmony with the resultant -γol, was further changed to o through regressive assimilation. Though a tantalizing alternative, Möngke Γool is a less likely derivation than Mong Γool because of the complicated process of linguistic change involved.

[2]It is interesting to note that one of the tributaries draining into the Hei-lung-chiang is known as the Mo Ho 漠河 River (or Mu Ho 木河 in Ming times) and that the County named after it is known to have been inhabited by the Shih-wei people. [See Mo Ho hsien-chih 漠河縣志, ed. Wang Shu-ts'ai 王樹才 (Peking: Chung-kuo ta pai-k'e ch'üan shu ch'u-pan she, 1993), pp. 1, 57-6, 107, 657]. However, no reference is made to this river in T’ang sources, and its medieval reading mak γa (Kuo, Ku-yin, pp. 17, 26) does not quite match the term Mongol.

[3]J. E. Kowalewski, Dictionnaire mongol-russe-français, vol. 3 (Kazan, 1844; reprint, Taipei: SMC Publishing Inc., 1993), p. 2029a. Kowalewski’s definition is obviously a translation of I. J. Schmidt, Mongolisch-Deutsch-Russisches Wörterbuch, nebst einem deutschen und einem russischen Wortregister (St. Petersburg: Kaiserliche Akademie der Wissenschaften, W. Graeff und Glasunow, and Leipzig:Leopold Voss, 1835), p. 217b: ‘reich, űberflűssig; trotzig, driest’. Though rarely seen, the word mong is not a hapax legomenon. Its use is attested in the Qorin naimatu tayilburi toli (Kőkeqota: Őbőr Monγol-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a, 1994), p. 1205, where the phrase mong song ügei is glossed as ‘masi elbeg delbeg,’  and in the Mongol kelen-ü toli (Kőkeqota: Őbőr Monγol-un arad-un keblel-ün qoriy-a, 1999), p. 1870, where the phrase mong ügei is also glossed as ‘elbeg delbeg’. Its existence is furthermore mirrored by its Oyirad counterpart moη, which carries the same meanings of ‘keck, trotzig’ as Kowalewski’s and is used similarly to constitute a toponym (moη-χamγ̥ name eines sandberges bei Sarepta a. d. Wolga). See G. J. Ramstedt, Kalmückisches Wörterbuch (Helsinki: Suomalais-Ugrilainen Seura, 1935), p. 264b and H.A. Zwick, Handbuch der Westmongolischen Sprache (Villingen: Ferd. Forderer, 1853), p. 266b, on which the former is based.

[4] Mo Ho Hsien-chi, p. 105; Hsü Chan-chiang et al., eds. Hu-lun Hu chi, p. 37; Hei-lung-chiang chi-kao, chüan 3, pp. 320-321; chüan 4, p. 571.

[5] Recent archaeological discoveries provide evidence that the early Mongols lived in the Ergüne River basin. Their presence is confirmed by the tree-trunk coffins found in the vicinity of the confluence of the Shilka River and the Ergüne River (fig. 1). These coffins, which date from the 8th century to the 9th century, are hollowed out of a massive log, and are typical of those used by the Mongols who later nomadized the Eurasian steppes. The Russian archaeologists who discovered these coffins in the late 1980s call the culture they represent the Dabsun culture. Similar dugout coffins dated around the 10th century have been discovered in West Wu-chu-erh西烏珠爾 and Hsieh-erh-t’a-la謝爾塔拉north of Hu-lun Lake, showing the Mongols’ gradual migration southward. It is from the Hu-lun Lake region that the Mongols moved further west and settled in the Onon River basin since the 10th century. See Lin Mei-ts’un林梅村, Sung Mo Chih Chien 松漠之間(Peking: San-lien shu-tien, 2007), pp. 256-57, Chung-kuo she-hui k’e-hsüeh yüan et al., Hai-la-erh Hsieh-erh-t’a-la mu-ti海拉爾謝爾塔拉墓地 (Peking: K’e-hsüeh ch’u-pan she, 2006).

[6] Rivers in this area flow swiftly. A tributary of the Ergüne now known as the Chi-liu River激流河, as its name suggests, is one such example.

[7] Shi Chi, vol.1 part 1, p.252. For the term Kiyan, see Cha-ch’i-ssu-ch’in, Meng-ku mi-shih hsin-yi ping chu-shih 蒙古秘史新譯並注釋 (Taipei: Lien-ching ch’u-pan shi-yeh kung-ssu, 1979), p. 44, note 2.

[8] Kuo, Ku-yin, p.74, 199.

[9] Shi Chi, vol.1 part 1, p.252. The Mongols’ penchant for evoking a hydronym to name themselves is also evidenced in the term Činggis, which is derived from the Turkic word teŋiz, meaning ‘ocean’. See Gerard Clauson, An Etymological Dictinary of Pre-Thirteehth Century Turkish, p.527.

[10]Christopher I. Beckwith, The Tibetan Empire in Central Asia (New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1987), p. 33, note 109. Note that γool was not used by the Turks to mean river in the T'ang period as Beckwith claims. See Clauson, Etymological Dictionary of Pre-thirteenth Century Turkish, p. 715, where it is noted that kö:l (g-) is ‘never used for “sea”, or for “river”’.

[11]Chou Wei-chou 周偉洲, ‘Ta-fei yü Mo-li 大非與墨離’, in Hsi-pei li-shih yen-chiu 西北歷史研究 (Shan-hsi: San Ts'ing ch'u-pan she, 1990), pp. 129-34.

[12]On the linguistic affinity between the Hsien-pi and T'u-yü-hun languages, see Ch'en Chien 陳踐 and Wang Yao 王堯, Tung-huang T'u-po wen-hsien hsüan 敦煌吐蕃文獻選 (Peking: Min-tsu ch'u-pan she, 1983), p. 162 and Paul Pelliot, ‘Notes sur les T'ou-yu-houen et les Sou-p'i’, T'oung Pao, vol. 20 (1921), pp. 323-30.

[13]Nicholas Poppe, Grammar of Written Mongolian, p.2; Na-shun ta-lai那順達來, Niakan Daor Bulku biteg (Hu-ho-hao-t’e: Nei Meng-ku ta-hsüeh ch’u-pan-she, 2001), p. 128.




(國立中正大學滿洲研究班甘德星)


2017年11月14日 星期二

Companions in Geography: East-West Collaboration in the Mapping of Qing China (c.1685-1735)




Mario Cams, University of Macau
ISBN13: 9789004345355
E-ISBN: 9789004345362
Publication Date: July 2017
Format: Hardback
Pages, Illustr.: xiv, 280 pp.


In Companions in Geography Mario Cams revisits the early 18th century mapping of Qing China, without doubt one of the largest cartographic endeavours of the early modern world. Commonly seen as a Jesuit initiative, the project appears here as the result of a convergence of interests among the French Academy of Sciences, the Jesuit order, and the Kangxi emperor (r. 1661-1722). These connections inspired the gradual integration of European and East Asian scientific practices and led to a period of intense land surveying, executed by large teams of Qing officials and European missionaries. The resulting maps and atlases, all widely circulated across Eurasia, remained the most authoritative cartographic representations of continental East Asia for over a century.

This book is based on Dr. Mario Cams' dissertation, which has been awarded the "2017 DHST Prize for Young Scholars" from the International Union of the History and Philosophy of Science and Technology, Division of History of Science and Technology (IUHPST/DHST).



Table of contents
Acknowledgements

List of Illustrations

Introduction: Towards a New Cartography of Cross-cultural Circulation
 1 Situating the Study
 2 Delineation and Approach
 3 Cartography and the Jesuit Missions to China
 4 Chapter Overview

1 Instruments for the Emperor: New Frontiers, New Practices
 1.1 An Instrumental Convergence of Interests
  1.1.1 The Académie and the Instrument Market in Paris
  1.1.2 The King’s Mathematicians’ Interest in Cartography
  1.1.3 Paris-made Instruments for the French Mission
 1.2 Improving Cartographies: An Emperor’s Quest
  1.2.1 The Kangxi Emperor’s Cartographic Aspirations
  1.2.2 Qing Statecraft and Cartographic Practice
  1.2.3 The Qing Court’s Appropriation of Paris-made Instruments
 1.3 Frontier Matters: New Qing Cartographic Practice
  1.3.1 Integrating the Khalka: Exploring a New Frontier
  1.3.2 The 1698 Preliminary Survey
  1.3.3 Re-standardizing the Qing’s Most Basic Unit of Length
  Conclusion

Intermission One: Missionaries or Mapmakers? The Mapping Project and its Place in the Mission
  Justifying Missionary Involvement
  The Unauthorized Return of Joachim Bouvet
  Conclusion

2 Of Instruments and Maps: The Land Surveys in Practice
 2.1 Beyond the Passes: Observations and Calculations
  2.1.1 New Qing Cartographic Practice along the Great Wall
  2.1.2 Revisiting the Manchu Homelands and Northern Frontiers
  2.1.3 Strategic Expeditions into Korea and Tibet
 2.2 The Logistics in Mapping the Chinese Provinces
  2.2.1 Moving South: Sequence, Timing and Strategies
  2.2.2 Directed from the Center: The Emperor and His Administration
  2.2.3 Team Composition and Local Support
 2.3 The Imperial Workshops Connection
  2.3.1 Mapmakers from the Inner Palace
  2.3.2 European Technical Experts and Assistants
  2.3.3 The Logistical Centrality of the Imperial Workshops
  Conclusion

Intermission Two: Missionaries and Mapmakers: Missionary Activity during the Land Surveys
  The Restitution of Church Buildings
  The Impact of the Chinese Rites Controversy
  Conclusion

3 The Afterlife of Maps: Circulation, Adaptation, and Negotiation
 3.1 The Printed Life of the Overview Maps of Imperial Territories
  3.1.1 The Woodblock Editions
  3.1.2 The Copperplate Editions
  3.1.3 Imperially Commissioned Compilations and Later Renditions
 3.2 The European Incorporation of a Qing Atlas
  3.2.1 Early Transmissions and Reception in Europe
  3.2.2 Contracting Jean-Baptiste Bourguingon d’Anville
  3.2.3 Intercultural Adaptation: d’Anville’s Regional Maps
 3.3 Beijing, Paris and Saint Petersburg: Negotiating the Gaps
  3.3.1 d’Anville’s General Maps and the Paris-Saint Petersburg Connection
  3.3.2 The Saint Petersburg Connection to Beijing
  3.3.3 d’Anville’s Maps: Reception and Further Adaptations
  Conclusion
  Annex: Extant Kangxi-era Sheets (Printed)

Conclusion: Unlocking Dichotomies: Revisiting Cross-cultural Circulation
  On Qing Imperial Cartography: Traditional vs. Scientific Practice
  On the Role of the Individual: Global vs. Local Networks
  On Instruments and Maps: The Circulation vs. the Production of Knowledge
  On Interculturality: China vs. Europe

References and Bibliography
Index


----------
Biographical note
Mario Cams, Ph.D. (University of Leuven, 2015), is Assistant Professor at the University of Macau’s Department of History and specializes in the history of early Sino-European contacts, late imperial China, and the history of cartography.


2017年11月12日 星期日

鄔堅巴評傳:十三世紀藏地大成就者





作者 李惠玲
出版社 三聯書店(香港)有限公司
出版日期 2016/06/27
ISBN 9789620439124
頁數 432頁

十三世紀的亞洲,動盪不安、充滿紛亂憂患。蒙古騎兵的鐵蹄、中亞穆斯林軍隊的利刃,橫掃歐亞,大部分地區戰火頻仍。藏地雖有高原絕地的屏障保護,仍難獨善其身,可謂內憂外患。地方勢力之間、教派之間長期爭鬥,高原上本來已經嚴峻的生存條件還經常被地震饑荒等弄得更糟,人間難見淨土。

本書的主人翁鄔堅巴正是生於這樣一個時代。

鄔堅巴,藏地稱「大成就者鄔堅巴」,是鄔堅巴•仁欽貝(U-gyan-pa Rin-chen-pe,1230-1309)的漢譯簡稱。鄔堅巴幼有宿慧,年少時已得多名大師傳授此密法,成為當時藏地集「時輪金剛密法」三大派承傳的權威。鄔堅巴後來不但成為兼通顯密佛學與「時輪」密法的高僧,也是得道的瑜伽行者、大學者、譯師、名醫、煉丹師,以及藏傳佛教活佛轉世系統肇始的關鍵角色,是紛亂的十三世紀後藏地區舉足輕重的人物。他曾經歷千辛前往北印度求取最高密法,也到過上都朝見忽必烈。他堅毅不屈、文武兼備、行俠仗義、嫉惡如仇、特立獨行,極具代表性。

總而言之,本書藉由一個遊走於青藏高原及北印度的高僧大德的足跡,以及當時藏地與中原、蒙古、印度、穆斯林等的關係,分享其見聞感悟,讓讀者更深入了解這片高寒 之地的人和事。

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鄔堅巴評傳_十三世紀藏地大成就者_李惠玲著


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作者簡介

李惠玲,祖籍廣東順德,香港土生土長,為華人世界中極少數的藏學學者之一。早年於香港大學修讀中國文史及美術考古史,從事中國文史藝術專業翻譯多年。後負笈英國牛津大學東方研究院西藏與喜馬拉雅學系,獲碩士及博士學位,專研十三世紀藏西歷史及傳記文學,多次承受劇烈的高山反應,深入藏地考察。現時除繼續翻譯專業外,並以自由學者身份進行西藏文史研究,同時於本地大學的專業進修學院教授西藏語文及文化,並兼任香港多間博物館的特約研究員及編輯工作。已出版著作《細說西藏歷史文化》。